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10.9.2025

Saturation Graphics

W. A. van Wijngaarden Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Canada W. Happer Department of Physics, Princeton University, USA October 8, 2025 A graphic that has turned out to be helpful for explaining why doubling greenhouse gases has only a tiny effect on thermal radiation to space is a variant of Fig. 4 of… Continue Reading
9.26.2025

Open Letter to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Concerning Sustainable Livestock Development

August 21, 2025 Bruno Telemans Yewon Sung FAO Headquarters Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy Dear Bruno Telemans, Yewon Sung, Thank you very much for your letter politely declining our request for a side event at the FAO Global Conference on Sustainable Livestock Transformation. We sent you a proposal for a parallel event,… Continue Reading
6.11.2024

Net Zero Averted Temperature Increase

R. Lindzen, W. Happer, and W. A. van Wijngaarden June 2024 Many people are surprised by how little warming would be averted from adoption of net zero policies. For example, if the United States achieved net zero emissions of carbon dioxide by the year 2050, only a few hundredths of a degree Celsius of warming… Continue Reading
11.20.2023

The Role of Greenhouse Gases in Energy Transfer in the Earth’s Atmosphere

By W. A. van Wijngaarden, Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Canada and W. Happer, Department of Physics, Princeton University, USA We discuss the basic ways greenhouse gases affect radiation transfer in Earth’s atmosphere. We explain how greenhouse gases like water vapor, H2O, or carbon dioxide, CO2, differ from non-greenhouse gases like nitrogen, N2,… Continue Reading
6.28.2023

Scientific Paper Concludes Refrigerants’ Gases Pose No Threat to Climate

A paper by two members of the CO2 Coalition, Arlington, Virginia, suggests that the promoters of man-made warming in the international community are promoting the expenditure of large sums of money on replacing certain refrigerants whose capacity to warm the atmosphere is of little consequence. The authors are Drs. William van Wijngaarden, formerly chairman of… Continue Reading
10.4.2022

Van Wijngaarden and Happer: 2n-Stream Radiative Transfer

The understanding of Earth’s climate depends to a large extent on our knowledge of radiative transfer processes in the atmosphere. Short wavelength radiation in the visible range from the sun enters the atmosphere and finds its way to the surface to warm it. Long wavelength radiation in the infrared range is emitted from the surface… Continue Reading

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